UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI ALAT OPTIK MELALUI PENERAPAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN THINKING MAP DAN BAHAN BACAAN DIGITAL
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Published:
Oct 28, 2025
Keywords:
Bahan Bacaan Digital, Hasil Belajar Kognitif, Problem Based Learning, Thinking Map
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Abstract
The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model provides opportunities for students to develop critical thinking and higher-order thinking skills in solving problems. However, in the pre-cycle stage, students’ cognitive learning outcomes on geometric optics material were still low. This classroom action research aimed to improve students’ cognitive learning outcomes through the implementation of PBL combined with Thinking Maps and digital reading materials on the topic of optical instruments. The subjects were 35 eleventh-grade students at a senior high school in Palangka Raya City. The study was conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed an increase in classical mastery from 71.42% with an average score of 74.74 in the first cycle to 80% with an average score of 77.82 in the second cycle, which met the success indicators as more than 75% of students achieved learning mastery and the class average exceeded the minimum mastery criterion. The implementation of PBL assisted by Thinking Maps and digital reading materials effectively helped students gain a deeper understanding of optical instrument concepts. This finding provides practical contributions for teachers in optimizing PBL strategies integrated with visual thinking tools and digital learning resources to improve physics learning outcomes.
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Fauzi, T. D., Fitria, & Vari, Y. (2025). UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI ALAT OPTIK MELALUI PENERAPAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN THINKING MAP DAN BAHAN BACAAN DIGITAL. Charm Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 6(3), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.67006/charmsains.v6i3.519
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Suprijono, A. (2009). Cooperative learning: teori & aplikasi PAIKEM. Pustaka pelajar.
Velly, D. (2021). Increasing the Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Students through the Application of the Problem Based Learning Model in Learning Physics. Journal of Science and Science Education, 2(1), 52–57. https://doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v2i1.719
Widyasari, D., Miyono, N., & Saputro, S. A. (2024). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. http://journal.ainarapress.org/index.php/jiepp
Yuliati, L., Kusairi, S., & Munfaridah, N. (2016). PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DENGAN THINKING MAPS PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA. https://doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v21i2.822
Yusofa, D., Yuliati, L., & Artikel Abstrak, I. (n.d.). Pengaruh Thinking Maps dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Siswa. http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/jptpp/
Calvin, K. L., & Gray, S. (2022). Double-Bubble Thinking Maps and Their Effect on Reading Comprehension in Spanish-English Bilingual Middle School Students With Learning Disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 45(3), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731948720958644
Docktor, J. L., Dornfeld, J., Frodermann, E., Heller, K., Hsu, L., Jackson, K. A., Mason, A., Ryan, Q. X., & Yang, J. (2016). Assessing student written problem solutions: A problem-solving rubric with application to introductory physics. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.010130
Eksanita, M., Parno, P., & Diantoro, M. (2021). Student Conceptual Mastery on Momentum and Impulse Materials in Problem Based Learning Models Assisted by Thinking Map. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 9(2).
Fontaine, G., Zagury-Orly, I., Maheu-Cadotte, M.-A., Lapierre, A., Thibodeau-Jarry, N., de Denus, S., Lordkipanidz, M., Dupont, P., & Lavoie, P. (2021). RESEARCH A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Paper Versus Digital Reading on Reading Comprehension in Health Professional Education. www.covidence.org
Halim Rohman, A., Wayan Gunada, I., Pendidikan Fisika, P., Mataram, U., Majapahit No, J., Selaparang, K., Mataram, K., & Tenggara Barat, N. (2021). Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis PBL Pada Materi Gerak Parabola Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik. In Desember 2021 (Vol. 5, Issue 2). http://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/kpj/index
Hare, C., Johnson, B., Vlahiotis, M., Panda, E. J., Tekok-Kilic, A., & Curtin, S. (2024). Children’s reading outcomes in digital and print mediums: A systematic review. Journal of Research in Reading, 47(3), 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12461
Hyerle, D. (1996). Thinking Maps: Seeing Is Understanding. Educational Leadership, 53(4), 85–89.
Hyerle, D. N., & Alper, L. (2012). Peta Pemikiran, Edisi Kedua. Jakarta Barat: Permata Puri Media.
Kartal Taşoğlu, A., & Bakaç, M. (2014). The Effect of Problem Based Learning Approach on Conceptual Understanding in Teaching of Magnetism Topics. In Eurasian J. Phys. & Chem. Educ (Vol. 6, Issue 2). http://www.eurasianjournals.com/index.php/ejpce
Long, D. J., & Carlson, D. (2011). Mind the Map: How Thinking Maps Affect Student Achievement. Networks: An Online Journal for Teacher Research, 13(2), 262–262. https://doi.org/10.4148/2470-6353.1083
Maftuhah Hidayati, Y., Samsiyah, S., & Kunci, K. (2022). Penerapan Model Problem-Based Learning Berbasis Liveworksheet Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar. In Educatif : Journal of Education Research (Vol. 4, Issue 3). http://pub.mykreatif.com/index.php/educatif
Nurmahasih, U., & Jumadi, J. (2023). Effect of Utilizing the PBL Model in Physics Learning on Student Learning Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.2741
Piyona, P., Haratua Tiur Maria, & Hamdani, H. (2025). Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbantuan ISpring Suite dengan Model PBL untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik di SMA. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MIPA, 15(1), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v15i1.2431
Pristianti, M. C., & Prahani, K. (2023). Literature Review on The Use of Problem Based Learning Models in Improving Physics Learning Outcomes. https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/insecta
Riyanto, N. P., Sagita, S., Chandra, B., Apriliani, T., & Sugiarti, O. (2022). Meningkatkan Bahan Bacaan Dengan Aplikasi Berbasis Web Mobile. INTECOMS J. Inf. Technol. Comput. Sci, 5(2), 220–225.
Safie, N., & Zakaria, S. (2023). Examining the Effectiveness of Thinking Maps Usage by Analysing Students’ Achievement in Mathematics Subject. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 31(1), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.37934/ARASET.31.1.197209
Sari, S., Zuhdi, M., & Taufik, M. (2025). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Digital terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Fisika. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 10(3), 2234–2238. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v10i3.3798
Selçuk, G. S. (2010). The effects of problem-based learning on pre-service teachers’ achievement, approaches and attitudes towards learning physics. In International Journal of the Physical Sciences (Vol. 5, Issue 6). http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPS
Sujanem, R., Nyoman, I., Suwindra, P., & Suswandi, I. (2022). JURNAL PENDIDIKAN FISIKA UNDIKSHA EFEKTIVITAS E-MODUL FISIKA BERBASIS MASALAH BERBANTUAN SIMULASI PHET DALAM UJICOBA TERBATAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA.
Suminten, N. (2015). Strategi Pembelajaran Relating-Experiencing-Applying-Cooperating-Transferring (REACT) dengan Pendekatan Inkuiri untuk Mengurangi Miskonsepsi Fisika Siswa. Jurnal Fisika Dan Pendidikan Fisika, 9.
Suprijono, A. (2009). Cooperative learning: teori & aplikasi PAIKEM. Pustaka pelajar.
Velly, D. (2021). Increasing the Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Students through the Application of the Problem Based Learning Model in Learning Physics. Journal of Science and Science Education, 2(1), 52–57. https://doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v2i1.719
Widyasari, D., Miyono, N., & Saputro, S. A. (2024). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. http://journal.ainarapress.org/index.php/jiepp
Yuliati, L., Kusairi, S., & Munfaridah, N. (2016). PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DENGAN THINKING MAPS PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA. https://doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v21i2.822
Yusofa, D., Yuliati, L., & Artikel Abstrak, I. (n.d.). Pengaruh Thinking Maps dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Siswa. http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/jptpp/