Literature Review Pembelajaran Optik Berbasis STEM di SMA: Tren Pembelajaran dan Keterampilan Abad ke-21
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-based learning is a relevant approach for developing 21st-century skills in physics education, particularly in optics. However, the implementation of STEM in optics learning still shows variations in research focus and the skills being developed. This study aims to analyze research trends, learning models, instructional media, developed skills, and future research opportunities in STEM-based optics learning. This study employed a Literature Review method consisting of the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. The literature search was conducted from May to June 2026 using Google Scholar and SINTA with the keywords “Optics,” “STEM,” and “Physics Learning.” The selected articles were Indonesian-language research articles focusing on STEM-based optics learning at the senior high school level, available in full text, and meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 10 national journal articles were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis through the processes of identification, categorization, and synthesis of research findings. The results indicate that STEM-based optics learning is predominantly implemented through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL) models, supported by instructional media such as e-modules, Augmented Reality (AR), and Pop-Up Books. Critical thinking is the most frequently developed skill, while creative thinking and scientific representation receive relatively less attention. Furthermore, studies integrating critical thinking, creative thinking, and scientific representation within a single STEM-based optics learning framework remain limited. Therefore, future research should focus on developing integrated STEM-based optics learning designs that simultaneously foster these three competencies to support more meaningful physics learning aligned with the demands of the 21st century.
Article Details
References
Aprianingtyas, M., Suparmi, S., & Sunarno, W. (2020). Peran Interaksi Sosial Dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Terhadap Kemampuan Memahami Konsep Pada Materi Optik Geometri. KoPeN: Konferensi Pendidikan Nasional, 2(1), 158–165.
Arfan, M. A. H., & Hasibuan, S. W. (2025). Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah Dengan Metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). FUSION: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 104–111.
Budiati, R., & Pauzi, G. A. (2016). Analisis Pengaruh Tekanan Pada Serat Optik Terhadap Sistem Transmisi Data BerbasisMikrokontroler ATMega32 Dengan Akuisisi Data Menggunakan Matlab. 04(01), 107–114.
Bunawan, W., Setiawan, A., Rusli, A., & . N. (2015). Penilaian Pemahaman Representasi Grafik Materi Optika Geometri Menggunakan Tes Diagnostik. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 2(2), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v2i2.4830
Diva Alkhadia Rana, Andry Fitrian, Dasmo. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Fisika Berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics) Menggunakan Aplikasi Flipbuilder Pada Materi Alat Optik SMA Kelas XI . 4(1), 243–249.
Imam Al Anshori, Parno, dan A. H. (2025). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Masalah Etnomatematika. Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika Realistik, 6(1), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.33365/ji-mr.v6i1.354
Jurnal, I., Humaniora, S., Lumbantoruan, S. R., Silalah, R. A., Pita, T. L., Sitepu, E., Khairani, F., Sijabat, J., Rivaldo, S., Demonta, D., William, J., Ps, I., Baru, V. K., Percut, K., Tuan, S., & Serdang, K. D. (2025). Transformasi Pendidikan Fisika Era Digital : Inovasi Teknologi AR , AI , dan Mixed Reality dalam Pembelajaran STEM Universitas Negeri Medan dalam dunia pendidikan , khususnya pada pembelajaran Sains , Teknologi , Teknik , dan Intelligence ( AI ), dan Mixe.
Laila, S., Wardani, R. S., Umayah, A. R., Huda, M. K., & Hutahuruk, A. F. (2024). Peran Pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic) dalam Pembelajaran. Journal of Natural Sciences, 5(3), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.34007/jonas.v5i3.703
Mahrunnisya, D. (2023). Keterampilan Pembelajar Di Abad Ke-21. JUPENJI : Jurnal Pendidikan Jompa Indonesia, 2(1), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.57218/jupenji.vol2.iss1.598
Mustafa, A. S., Arsyad, M., & Helmi. (2020). Pengembangan Modul Fisika Berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Seminar Nasional Fisika, 3, 20–23.
Nelwan, Y. N., Umboh, S. I., & Mongan, S. (2024). Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Mombi Pada Materi Alat Optik Di Smp Katolik Hati Kudus Keroit. Charm Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.53682/charmsains.v5i1.281
Nursabrina, F., Laksanawati, W. D., Studi, P., Fisika, P., & Keguruan, F. (2023). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran STEM Tipe Index Card Match Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Materi Alat-Alat Optik Implementation of the Index Card Match Type of STEM Learning Model for Critical Thinking Skills in Optical Equipment Materials Pen. 1(1), 23–30.
Putri, L., Sidik, A., Sari, D. P., & Hasugian, L. P. (2026). PENGENALAN FIBER OPTIK MENGGUNAKAN AUGMENTED REALITY PENDAHULUAN Dalam era pembelajaran modern ini , sekolah yang tidak memanfaatkan teknologi berisiko tertinggal dengan yang lain , termasuk Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan ( SMK ) yang lebih menekankan pada keg. 11(1), 1571–1585.
Rohmah, H. N., Suherman, A., & Utami, I. S. (2021). Penerapan Problem Based Learning Berbasis Stem pada Materi Alat Optik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Fisika, 12(2), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v12i2.7900
Sari, F. D., Fajarianingtyas, D. A., & Anekawati, A. (2022). Pengembangan Modul Ipa Stem Materi Cahaya Dan Alat Optik Kelas Viii Smpn 2 Kalianget. LENSA (Lentera Sains): Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 12(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.24929/lensa.v12i1.185
Silaban, Y. F. H., & Istiyono, E. (2024). The development of diagnostic test instrument to identify physics conceptual understanding of high school students. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2622(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0133922
Silaban, Y. F. H., & Jumadi, J. (2022). Concept understanding profile of high school students on doppler effect and sound intensity levels. Momentum: Physics Education Journal, 6(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.21067/mpej.v6i1.5664
Subro, M. H., & Fawaid, A. (2025). Penerapan Pembelajaran Abad 21 dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(6), 6344–6348. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i6.8243
Ukhtinasari Febri, & , Mosik, S. (2017). Pop-Up Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Fisika Materi Alat-Alat Optik Untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. UPEJ Unnes Physics Education Journal, 3(3), 77–83.
Yatim, M. (2024). Implementasi Pendekatan STEM pada Kurikulum Merdeka di SDN 215/X Bukit Tempurung Tanjung Jabung Timur. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 09(04), 398–410. https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/pendas/article/download/20729/10164
Yunita, E., Kurniawan, S., & Khamim, S. (2022). Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Metode Scramble. El-Madib: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam, 2(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.51311/el-madib.v2i2.586